REORDERING DIPLOMACY AMIDST THE COVID-19; AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD
Keywords:
Diplomacy, Africa, Pandemic, Politics, Innovation
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic will certainly affect the direction and development of new human civilisation as it marks the history of the 21st century like the Spanish flu of 1918. Although Covid-19 has brought the world to its knees but has at the same time united the seemingly different world. With Covid-19 the world has had to adapt to a new kind of normal, and as a global phenomenon, the pandemic has for once and diplomatically re-ordered the entire world where every country has had to choose which side of the diplomatic coin it belongs. The virus has potentially grouped countries of the world into the rich, with strong and more efficient health and political institutions, scientific knowledge and innovation, and the poor, whose economy cannot adequately support its citizens. The Covid-19 has challenged the modern diplomacy, forcing every state to consider the pandemic as a top priority owing to its crippling impact on the global economy. Amidst the political tension in Africa between groups and individual needs vis-à-vis state and international requirements, will Africa be able to diplomatically navigate its way through the Covid-19 “world”? This work uses the lens of innovative diplomacy, thematic content analysis, and a critical discourse approach to unpack the relevance of innovative diplomacy to Africa amidst the pandemic and conclude that Africa need to understand the contemporary diplomatic environment vis-à-vis the importance of innovation diplomacy.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alvarez, J. (2020). Public diplomacy, soft power and the narratives of Covid-19 in the initial phase of the pandemic. In G. L. Gardini, (ed.) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp11-14 Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomacy Theory and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Berridge, G. R., Keens-Soper, M & Otte, T. G. (2001). Diplomatic Theory from Machiavelli to Kissinger. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bound, K., Saunders, T, Wilsdon, J. & Adams. J. (2013). China’s Absorptive State: Research, Innovation and the Prospects for China-UK Collaboration. London: Nesta
Breznitz, D. and Murphree, M. (2013). China’s Run: Economic Growth, Policy, Interdependences, and Implications for Diverse Innovation Policies in a World of Fragmented Production. In D. Breznitz & J. Zysman (Eds.) The Third Globalization: Can Wealthy Nations Stay Rich in the Twenty-First Century? Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Carreiras, H and Malamud, A (2020). Cooperation, the state, and international organisations. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Center for International Law, National University of Singapore (nd). 1959 Antarctic Treaty Retrieved February 5, 2021 from https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1959-Antarctic-Treaty-1.pdf
Chattu, V. K & Chami, G. (2020). Global Health Diplomacy Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Strategic Opportunity for Improving Health, Peace, and Well-Being in the CARICOM Region-A Systematic Review. Social Sciences 9(88), pp 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050088
Fin24 (2021). Ramaphosa on liquor sales ban: 'It's impossible to please everyone Retrieved March 2, 2021 from https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/south-africa/ramaphosa-on-liquor-sales-ban-its-impossible-to-please-everyone-20210204
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (2008) ABC of Diplomacy. Bern: Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA)
Gardini, G. L. (2020). Myths and realities of politics, policy-making and the state in times of Covid-19. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Griset, P. (2020). Innovation Diplomacy: A New Concept for Ancient Practices? The Hague Journal of Diplomacy ,15(3), 383-397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-BJA10036
Hocking, B. (2011) Diplomacy. In Betrand, Berg-Schlosser, Morlino, International Encyclopedia of Political Science London: Sage
Kahn, E. (2007). Innovate or Perish: Managing the Enduring Technology Company in the Global Market. NJ: Wiley, 2007.
Kalvins, D. (2011). Understanding the Essence of Modern Diplomacy, Retrieved March 2, 2021 from http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/ academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/2011-12-cdac
Lee, M. and Lederer, E. M. (2020). Global diplomacy under the gun in the time of coronavirus. Associated Press Retrieved March 15, 2021 from https://apnews.com/article/d61a53d19d262c3cf604cec6f4e52fad
Leijten, J (2017) Exploring the future of innovation diplomacy European Journal of Futures Research 5: 20 pp 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40309-017-0122-8
Matambo, E. (2020). International Relations Theory after the Cold War: China, the Global South and Non-State Actors. Retrieved March 22, 2021 from https://www.e-ir.info/2020/04/21/international-relations-theory-after-the-cold-war-china-the-global-south-and-non-state-actors/
News24 (2021). Covid-19: Stop hoarding vaccines, Ramaphosa tells rich nations Retrieved March 15, 2021 from https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-stop-hoarding-vaccines-ramaphosa-tells-rich-nations-20210126
O'Gorman, G. (2015). The Effectiveness of Secrecy in Diplomacy Thesis for: Masters in International Relations-Diplomatic Studies Project: Masters in Diplomatic Studies Dissertation, Sohar University, Oman
Royal Society and AAAS (2010) New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy. Navigating the changing balance of power. London. Retrieved May 5, 2021 from https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/New_Frontiers.pdf
Rubbini, M. (2018). Global health diplomacy: Between global society and neo-colonialism: The role and meaning of “ethical lens” in performing the six leadership priorities. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 8(3-4): 110–114. doi: 10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.002
Sauco A. N. G. (2020) Old and New Order. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 7-10. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Segal, A. (2011). The United States, China, and the Globalization of Science and Technology’. Prepared statement before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Council on Foreign Relations, 2 November. Retrieved April 2, 2021 from http://www.cfr.org/china/united-states-chinaglobalization-science-technology/p26412
Shale, V. (2006). Post-Cold War Diplomatic Training: The Importance of the Multi-stakeholder Approach to Inter- and Intra - State Conflicts. Retrieved March 12, 2021 from http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/MultistakeholderDiplomacy_Part13.pdf
Skolnikoff, E. (1993). The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Spedaleti, A. (2020). The subjects of Public International Law and Covid-19. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Tannen, D. (2020). The personal becomes dangerous. Coronavirus Will Change the World Permanently. Here’s How. Politico Magazine Retrieved January 16, 2021 from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/19/coronavirus-effect-economy-life-society-analysis-covid-135579 03/19/2020
Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomacy Theory and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Berridge, G. R., Keens-Soper, M & Otte, T. G. (2001). Diplomatic Theory from Machiavelli to Kissinger. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bound, K., Saunders, T, Wilsdon, J. & Adams. J. (2013). China’s Absorptive State: Research, Innovation and the Prospects for China-UK Collaboration. London: Nesta
Breznitz, D. and Murphree, M. (2013). China’s Run: Economic Growth, Policy, Interdependences, and Implications for Diverse Innovation Policies in a World of Fragmented Production. In D. Breznitz & J. Zysman (Eds.) The Third Globalization: Can Wealthy Nations Stay Rich in the Twenty-First Century? Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Carreiras, H and Malamud, A (2020). Cooperation, the state, and international organisations. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Center for International Law, National University of Singapore (nd). 1959 Antarctic Treaty Retrieved February 5, 2021 from https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1959-Antarctic-Treaty-1.pdf
Chattu, V. K & Chami, G. (2020). Global Health Diplomacy Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Strategic Opportunity for Improving Health, Peace, and Well-Being in the CARICOM Region-A Systematic Review. Social Sciences 9(88), pp 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050088
Fin24 (2021). Ramaphosa on liquor sales ban: 'It's impossible to please everyone Retrieved March 2, 2021 from https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/south-africa/ramaphosa-on-liquor-sales-ban-its-impossible-to-please-everyone-20210204
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (2008) ABC of Diplomacy. Bern: Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA)
Gardini, G. L. (2020). Myths and realities of politics, policy-making and the state in times of Covid-19. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Griset, P. (2020). Innovation Diplomacy: A New Concept for Ancient Practices? The Hague Journal of Diplomacy ,15(3), 383-397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-BJA10036
Hocking, B. (2011) Diplomacy. In Betrand, Berg-Schlosser, Morlino, International Encyclopedia of Political Science London: Sage
Kahn, E. (2007). Innovate or Perish: Managing the Enduring Technology Company in the Global Market. NJ: Wiley, 2007.
Kalvins, D. (2011). Understanding the Essence of Modern Diplomacy, Retrieved March 2, 2021 from http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/ academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/2011-12-cdac
Lee, M. and Lederer, E. M. (2020). Global diplomacy under the gun in the time of coronavirus. Associated Press Retrieved March 15, 2021 from https://apnews.com/article/d61a53d19d262c3cf604cec6f4e52fad
Leijten, J (2017) Exploring the future of innovation diplomacy European Journal of Futures Research 5: 20 pp 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40309-017-0122-8
Matambo, E. (2020). International Relations Theory after the Cold War: China, the Global South and Non-State Actors. Retrieved March 22, 2021 from https://www.e-ir.info/2020/04/21/international-relations-theory-after-the-cold-war-china-the-global-south-and-non-state-actors/
News24 (2021). Covid-19: Stop hoarding vaccines, Ramaphosa tells rich nations Retrieved March 15, 2021 from https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-stop-hoarding-vaccines-ramaphosa-tells-rich-nations-20210126
O'Gorman, G. (2015). The Effectiveness of Secrecy in Diplomacy Thesis for: Masters in International Relations-Diplomatic Studies Project: Masters in Diplomatic Studies Dissertation, Sohar University, Oman
Royal Society and AAAS (2010) New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy. Navigating the changing balance of power. London. Retrieved May 5, 2021 from https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/New_Frontiers.pdf
Rubbini, M. (2018). Global health diplomacy: Between global society and neo-colonialism: The role and meaning of “ethical lens” in performing the six leadership priorities. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 8(3-4): 110–114. doi: 10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.002
Sauco A. N. G. (2020) Old and New Order. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 7-10. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Segal, A. (2011). The United States, China, and the Globalization of Science and Technology’. Prepared statement before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Council on Foreign Relations, 2 November. Retrieved April 2, 2021 from http://www.cfr.org/china/united-states-chinaglobalization-science-technology/p26412
Shale, V. (2006). Post-Cold War Diplomatic Training: The Importance of the Multi-stakeholder Approach to Inter- and Intra - State Conflicts. Retrieved March 12, 2021 from http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/MultistakeholderDiplomacy_Part13.pdf
Skolnikoff, E. (1993). The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Spedaleti, A. (2020). The subjects of Public International Law and Covid-19. In G. L. Gardini (ed) The world before and after Covid-19. Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations pp 15-18. Salamanca-Stockholn: European Institute of International Studies Press
Tannen, D. (2020). The personal becomes dangerous. Coronavirus Will Change the World Permanently. Here’s How. Politico Magazine Retrieved January 16, 2021 from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/19/coronavirus-effect-economy-life-society-analysis-covid-135579 03/19/2020
Published
2021-05-29
How to Cite
Adetiba, T. (2021). REORDERING DIPLOMACY AMIDST THE COVID-19; AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD . Journal of Social Political Sciences, 2(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v2i2.53
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Toyin Adetiba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
