Journal of Tropical Biodiversity

Bridging the Gap: Aligning Animal Welfare Ethics with One Health Responsibilities Among Exotic Pet Owners in Indonesia

Averroes Oktaliza — 2026-07-29

The One Health framework emphasizes interdependence among human, animal, and environmental health, yet exotic pet ownership can create practical tensions between animal welfare ethics and public health responsibility. This mixed methods study examines those tensions among exotic pet owners in Indonesia. A convergent parallel design combined qualitative interviews with 30 owners and a cross-sectional survey. Of 60 survey submissions, eight were excluded because respondents reported cat-only ownership or no current exotic pet, producing a final analytic sample of 52. The Five Domains Model was used as an interview sensitizing guide rather than as a direct welfare scoring framework. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while survey data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests as the primary inferential method, with Yates-corrected chi-square tests disclosed for comparability, Cramer's V for effect size, and Holm and Benjamini-Hochberg corrections for multiple testing. Survey results showed high declarative zoonosis knowledge (47/52, 90.4%), strong vaccination support (41/52, 78.8%), low regular veterinary utilization (16/52, 30.8%), and high zoonosis concern in half of respondents (26/52, 50.0%). Unadjusted Fisher tests suggested associations for veterinary use with vaccination support (p = 0.012) and vaccination support with zoonosis concern (p = 0.038), but no association remained statistically significant after Holm correction. Qualitative findings identified domestic-pet analogy, cleanliness-as-safety beliefs, fragmented zoonosis understanding, inconsistent vaccination practices, community-based knowledge networks, injury normalization, and welfare-focused ethics with limited public-health framing. The integrated findings suggest a value tension within this sample rather than a definitive population-level conflict. One Health interventions should connect public health responsibility to owners' existing welfare commitments while using veterinarians and community networks as complementary communication channels.

Ecological Responses of Three Bird Species to the Urban Landscape: Habitat Suitability and Connectivity in DKI Jakarta

Ady Kristanto — 2026-08-05

Urbanization alters habitat structure and the ecological connectivity of urban wildlife. This study evaluated habitat suitability and connectivity for three bird species with contrasting ecological strategies—the Red-breasted Parakeet (Psittacula alexandri), Brown-throated Sunbird (Anthreptes malacensis), and Olive-backed Tailorbird (Orthotomus sepium)—in DKI Jakarta. Habitat suitability was modeled using MaxEnt with six environmental variables, while connectivity was analyzed using a circuit-theory approach in Circuitscape. The MaxEnt models yielded AUC values of 0.755–0.791, indicating fair predictive performance. The principal determinants differed among species: population density dominated the Red-breasted Parakeet model (52.7%), NDVI dominated the Brown-throated Sunbird model (40.6%), and land use dominated the Olive-backed Tailorbird model (41.0%). NDVI was consistently the most important variable according to permutation importance. Highly suitable habitat covered 9.6–19.5% of the study area. Connectivity analysis revealed contrasting patterns: the Red-breasted Parakeet exhibited centralized connectivity through narrow pinch points, whereas the Brown-throated Sunbird and Olive-backed Tailorbird displayed more diffuse corridor networks. Monas and Gelora Bung Karno consistently functioned as both habitat and connectivity hubs for all three species, making them priority areas for urban bird conservation in Jakarta.

Reduction of Tannin on Red Kidney Bean, Yellow Soybean, and Black Soybean Through Peaghurt Fermentation

Fathimah Azzahra Noorhadi — 2026-08-05

Legumes are valuable food sources; however, their nutritional quality and utilization are often compromised by tannins, antinutrients that diminish nutrient bioavailability. Various processing methods, including soaking, boiling, germination, dehulling, roasting, and fermentation, have been applied to reduce tannin levels, with fermentation emerging as one of the most effective biological approaches. In this context, peaghurt—a novel probiotic beverage produced from fermented bean milk using lactic acid bacteria (LAB)—has gained attention due to its ability to modify physicochemical properties, including tannin content. This study assayed the efficacy of LAB starter combinations comprising Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus thermophilus in reducing tannin levels during peaghurt fermentation. Peaghurt was produced using a two-factor randomized block design (RBD) involving four LAB starter combinations and three bean milk substrates, each conducted in triplicate. Tannin content was quantified using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. All LAB combinations significantly reduced tannin levels (12.79–46.18%), with the highest reduction observed in yellow soybean peaghurt fermented using the combined starter of L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, and L. plantarum (46.18%). This reduction is primarily ascribed to tannase activity synthesized by LAB during fermentation.

Vegetation Composition Drives The Hornbill Abundance in Tujuh Bukit Area, PT Bumi Suksesindo

Mukhlish Jamal Musa Holle — 2026-08-05

Hornbills, keystone frugivores and bioindicators, reflect forest health. Their abundance depends on specific vegetation, like large cavity-bearing trees for nesting and diverse fruit-producing trees for foraging. In the southern Banyuwangi forests adjacent to mining areas, these characteristics may undergo changes due to operational activities that influence stand structure and the diversity of fruit-bearing trees, potentially affecting overall habitat suitability. A systematic investigation into vegetation composition and hornbill distribution is essential to establish baseline population data and inform targeted conservation strategies. We conducted hornbill and vegetation surveys in the areas adjacent to the mining site in the south of Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Hornbill survey were conducted using a combination of line transect and point count methods. Vegetation analysis was conducted using plot-based sampling with 20 m x 20 m. All analyses were conducted in R with all visualisation made using package ggplot2. We found that despite of the patchy distribution, the abundance of three hornbill species, Anthracoceros albirostris, Buceros rhinoceros, and Rhyticeros undulatus, is similar across sites. Meanwhile, tree basal area, abundance, and composition differed across ecosystem types. Combining hornbill and tree data, we found that hornbill abundance is associated with tree composition and diversity, not overall plant abundance. To sum up, vegetation composition is a key determinant of hornbill abundance in tropical forests adjacent to mining sites. Therefore, conserving hornbills species requires preservation of the associated tree species providing food resources and nesting habitats.

Morphometric Characteristics Of Merawangarab Chicken Based On Multivariate Analysis and Multiple Regression

Sri Darwati — 2026-08-07

This study aimed to analyze morphometric characteristics of merawangarab chicken using multivariate analysis. Twenty five of merawangarab chicken with 12^th weeks age was used. Merawangarab chicken were observed for body weight, body length, wing length, femur length, and tibia length. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple regression. Body size and body weight were still varied. The first component was mainly associated with body size. Results indicated that the first principal component represented body size index, explaining 93.8% of the total variance. Between variables there was a significant positive correlation (P <0.05) between variables and multiple linear equations Weight = -871 +6.88 Chest Length + 12.49 Tibia Length + 2.58 Femur Length (mm) with R2 = 90.5. Conclusion PC1 controls the variety of variables measured, with a close relationship between variables and still varied and can be used to estimate body weight.

Key words: merawangarab chicken, morphometric, multivariate analysis, multiple regression