Journal of Tropical Biodiversity

Shoot Induction of Pandanus Tectorius through Shoot Culture in WPM Medium Supplemented With BAP And NAA

Ikhsan Matondang — 2024-12-29

The aim of this research is to determine the best shoot induction medium for Pandanus tectorius, a coastal plant valued for its ecological and economic benefits. Coastal degradation and land conversion have reduced its population, necessitating propagation efforts. In vitro culture was explored as a solution to address the scarcity of Pandanus tectorius. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) was prepared by combining 100 mL stock solution, 30 g sugar, and distilled water to 1 L, supplemented with 1 g activated charcoal, 0.1 g ascorbic acid, and plant growth regulators at varying concentrations. The pH was adjusted to 5.6–5.8, and agar was added before sterilization at 121 °C for 20 minutes. Explants consisting of 1 cm-long shoots were sterilized and cultured in bottles, with observations conducted over 8 weeks. Results showed that the best shoot induction was achieved using WPM supplemented with 5x10⁻⁶ M BAP and 5x10⁻⁶ M NAA, producing 1 to 3 shoots per explant. Data analysis using a factorial completely randomized design confirmed significant differences among treatments. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of in vitro propagation in restoring Pandanus tectorius populations and supports sustainable coastal management.

Exploration of Bird Diversity Potential for Birdwatching Ecotourism in Bangbayang Village, Sumedang, West Java

Annisa Ramadani — 2024-12-29

Sumedang was one of the districts in West Java Province that consisted of 26 sub-districts, 7 neighborhoods, and 270 villages. Bangbayang Village, located in the Situraja neighborhood, was one of the villages with ecotourism potential that had not been fully developed. The topography of the village, characterized by hills, had its own charm, and its biodiversity had not been widely explored. One aspect of this biodiversity that had potential for ecotourism was the diversity of bird species found there. Therefore, the research aimed to explore the potential and diversity of birds in Bangbayang Village, Sumedang, in the context of developing birdwatching science and ecotourism. The research was conducted in January 2023. Birds were observed using the point count method, and the data were analyzed for conservation status, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index, the Margalef richness index, bird species evenness, and the Simpson dominance index. The results identified 35 species of birds from 20 families, 12 of which were endemic to Indonesia. Among them, two species were classified as NT (Near Threatened), two as EN (Endangered), six were included in the CITES Appendix II category, and eight species were protected under Ministerial Regulation P.106 of 2018. The diversity index, species richness index, and evenness index values were high, recorded at 3.343, 7.575, and 0.940, respectively, while no bird species dominated, with a dominance index value of 0.043. Based on their status, nine species were identified as having potential for ecotourism attraction: the black eagle, javan hawk-eagle, crested serpent-eagle, oriental honey-buzzard, flame-fronted barbet, black-banded barbet, bar-winged prinia, black-thighed falconet, and java sparrow.

Diversity of Butterfly Species of the Superfamily Papilionoideae in Two Types of Garden Habitats in the Tea and Quinine Research Center Area, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java

Abraham William Parsaoran — 2024-12-29

Indonesia is one of the countries with the second highest biodiversity in the world, known as a megabiodiversity country. One of the highest biodiversity in Indonesia is butterflies, which belong to the order Lepidoptera. Butterflies have significant ecological value in ecosystems, acting as pollinators, environmental bioindicators, and ecosystem balancers. This research was conducted from May 1-5, 2024, in the Tea and Quinine Research Center Area, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. Butterfly observations were made in the morning from 08.00 to 12.00 WIB and in the afternoon from 13.00 to 16.00 in two types of gardens, namely tea gardens and coffee gardens. The data collection method used was the exploration method. Measurements of abiotic factors at the observation locations, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity, showed differences in the two locations. In the observation locations, a total of 49 species and 366 individuals of butterflies were found. The similarity index of butterflies in the two habitat types was 57%. The butterfly diversity index in this study was 2.6 for the tea garden and 2.53 for the coffee garden. The Hutchinson test results showed no significant difference between the two habitats. The species evenness index in the tea garden was 0.74 and in the coffee garden was 0.73. The dominance index of butterflies in the two habitats was 0.2 for the coffee garden and 0.14 for the tea garden. The butterfly species with the highest number of individuals in the tea and coffee garden habitats were Ypthima pandocus and Delias belisama. The protected butterfly species found in the research location was Troides amphrysus.

Distribution and Abundance of Javan Primates in Gunung Sanggabuana, Karawang, West Java

Feriska Lindayu — 2024-12-29

Indonesia, as the country with the highest number of primate species in Asia, also holds the largest number of endemic primates, including five species on the island of Java. This study aimed to assess the distribution and abundance of primate species in Gunung Sanggabuana, Karawang, West Java, one of the closest tropical rainforests to Jakarta. Field surveys were conducted during the dry season (11–14 September 2023) by the Primate Student Team of Field Biology Study (SBL). Recce transects were used for primate censuses and fruit trails for recording fruit-bearing plant abundances along two paths: the tourist area and semi-tourist area. Results indicated three primate species were directly encountered: Javan langur (Trachypithecus mauritius), Surili (Presbytis comata), and Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch). In the Kejayaan-Burahol trail, Javan langurs were observed at 1 group/km (1–5 individuals), Surili at 0.5 groups/km (4 individuals), and Javan gibbons at 1 group/km (4–6 individuals). The Cigentis-Cipiit trail yielded higher Javan langur abundance at 1.5 groups/km (5–8 individuals). The dominance of Javan langur was noted with a low value of 0.160. These findings provide insight into primate distribution and abundance, contributing to conservation efforts in Gunung Sanggabuana and other Javan rainforests.

Ethnobotanical Study of Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Medicinal Plants in Mekarsari Village, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung, West Java

Ananda Qotrunnada — 2024-12-29

Indonesia is the second richest country in terms of biodiversity, with 35,000 plant species, 3,500 of which are medicinal plants. Generally, people use these plants as traditional medicine passed down through generations, which is the concept studied in the field of Ethnobotany . This study was conducted to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants for treating hypertension and the traditional processing of these plants by the community around Mekarsari Village, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung, West Java. According to data from the West Bandung City Health Office, the most common disease affecting the people of Mekarsari Village is hypertension. The methods used in this study include observation, interviews, field observations, identification, and documentation of medicinal plants as well as residents during interviews. Based on the research, 38 plant species from 25 different families were found to be used as hypertension medicine. The plants with the highest Fidelity Level (FL) values in treating hypertension are three species: Soursop leaves (Annona muricata) at 30%, Bay leaves (Syzygium polyantum) at 25%, and Sintrong leaves (Crassocephalum erepidioides) at 22.5%.