PHILIPINES POLICY OF WAR ON DRUGS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Keywords:
Human Rights Violations, War on Drugs, International Law, Philippines, United Nations, ICC
Abstract
This study aims to explain what human rights violations occurred in the War on Drugs Policy in the Philippines and the response given by the international community. The method used in this research is the qualitative method. This research is motivated by the Philippines' policy to eradicate drugs in a massive way that causes human rights violations. In this study, the theory used is Human Rights and International Law. The results of this study found that human rights violations committed by the Philippines have violated international human rights law as regulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In addition, more special efforts are needed from the United Nations (UN) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) in stopping human rights violations that occur in the Philippines.
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Zarco, R. M. (1995). A short history of narcotic drug addiction in the Philippines, 1521-1959. Philippine Sociological Review, 43(1/4), 1–15.
Amnesty. (2016). More than 7,000 killed in the Philippines in six months, as president encourages murder | Amnesty International UK. https://www.amnesty.org.uk/philippines-president-duterte-war-on-drugs-thousands-killed
Ardhana, I. K., & Puspitasari, N. W. R. N. (2023). Adat Law, Ethics, and Human Rights in Modern Indonesia. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040443
Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7
Auliya, N. H., Andriani, H., Fardani, R. A., Ustiawaty, J., Utami, E. F., Sukmana, D. J., & Istiqomah, R. R. (2020). Metode penelitian kualitatif & kuantitatif. CV. Pustaka Ilmu.
Bnn. (2014). Dampak Langsung Dan Tidak Langsung Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. https://bnn.go.id/dampak-langsung-dan-tidak-langsung-penyalahgunaan-narkoba/
De Jesus, A. F., Calimag, M. M. P., Doma, C. M., Rey, F. I., de Jesus, R. J. H., & Doma, C. M. (2013). Philippine Policies on Illicit Drugs: History, Content, Process and Outcome. UST Research Center on Culture, Education and Social Issues.
de Paula Silva, A. C. (2021). The Collapse of the War on Drugs Policy in Brazil. Aisthesis. https://doi.org/10.7764/Aisth.70.16
Elkins, Z., & Ginsburg, T. (2022). Imagining a World without the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. World Politics. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887122000065
Felipe Rojas. (2016). 2016 Annual Report DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD Editorial Advisers.
Hannum, H. (2016). Reinvigorating human rights for the twenty-first century. Human Rights Law Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw015
Harada, T., Baba, T., Shirasaka, T., & Kanamori, S. (2021). Evaluation of the Intensive Treatment and Rehabilitation Program for Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (INTREPRET) in the Philippines: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05882-6
Henkin, L. (1995). International law: politics and values. Developments in International Law, 18.
Kelsen, H. (2017). General theory of law and state. Routledge.
Lasco, G. (2018). Kalaban: Young drug users’ engagements with law enforcement in the Philippines. International Journal of Drug Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.006
May, J. R., & Daly, E. (2022). Introduction to Dignity Law. Journal of Disaster Research. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0301
Otu, S. E. (2011). A nation at crossroads: Debating South Africa’s war on drug policy. In NAD Publication. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10199-011-0033-0
Rappler. (2016). DDB: Philippines has 1.8 million current drug users. https://www.rappler.com/nation/146654-drug-use-survey-results-dangerous-drugs-board-philippines-2015/
Regilme Jr, S. S. F. (2021). Visions of peace amidst a human rights crisis: War on drugs in Colombia and the Philippines. Journal of Global Security Studies, 6(2), ogaa022.
Saitya, I. (2017). Pengaturan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia. Sintesa: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik.
Schachter, O. (1983). Human Dignity as a Normative Concept. American Journal of International Law. https://doi.org/10.2307/2202536
Scherlen, R. (2012). The never-ending drug war: Obstacles to drug war policy termination. PS - Political Science and Politics. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001739
Sen, A. (2005). Human Rights and Capabilities. Journal of Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491
Sugiyono, P. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R&D. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.
Woolsey, T. D. (1875). Introduction to the Study of International Law: designed as an aid in teaching and in historical studies. Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle.
Yamada, C., Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Tuliao, M. T. R., Matsuo, H., & Tanaka, E. (2021). Quality of life among people who use drugs living in poor urban communities in the Philippines. International Journal of Drug Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103160
Yogaswara, A. J. (2020). IMPACT OF PHILIPPINES’WITHDRAWAL FROM INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT ON CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY INVESTIGATION IN PHILIPPINES. Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, 4(2), 226–246.
Zandy, J. (2019). Universal declaration of human rights. Radical Teacher. https://doi.org/10.5195/rt.2019.591
Zarco, R. M. (1995). A short history of narcotic drug addiction in the Philippines, 1521-1959. Philippine Sociological Review, 43(1/4), 1–15.
Published
2023-11-30
How to Cite
Adan, A., Bituin, A., & Darian, J. (2023). PHILIPINES POLICY OF WAR ON DRUGS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 4(4), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v4i4.207
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Aroon Adan, Ariana Bituin, Jane Darian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
