THE EUROPEAN UNION'S EURO 1 TO EURO 6 PROGRAMME
STRATEGIES, IMPACTS, AND CHALLENGES FOR EUROPEAN CAR MANUFACTURERS
Keywords:
Carbon Emissions, , European Union, Automotive Industry
Abstract
This study examines the labor market opportunities for traditional medical practitioners in light of Government Regulation Number 103 of 2014, focusing on the role of traditional health practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research investigates how natural remedies, particularly herbal medicines, continue to be sought by individuals to manage common health issues like fever, flu, and cough—symptoms similar to those of COVID-19, though not necessarily indicative of the virus. Despite the rise of modern healthcare, the findings reveal that traditional medicine remains highly valued within communities, with substantial demand for services offered by traditional healers. The study suggests that even with the implementation of regulations to formalize and standardize healthcare practices, the labor market for traditional medical practitioners remains robust. This demonstrates the resilience and ongoing relevance of traditional health services, highlighting their crucial role within the broader healthcare landscape.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
ACEA. (2021). Review of the CO2 Regulation for cars and vans. ACEA.
Annur, C. M. (2023, 08 29). databoks. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/09/28/indonesia-masuk-daftar-negara-penghasil-emisi-gas-rumah-kaca-terbesar-dunia-2022#:~:text=Menurut%20Basis%20Data%20Emisi%20untuk,(Gt%20CO2e)%20pada%202022.
AutoData.Net. (2015). Car Specification . Retrieved from AutoData.Net: https://www.auto-data.net/en/bmw-3-series-sedan-f30-lci-facelift-2015-330e-252hp-plug-in-hybrid-steptronic-41417
Bron, T. (2010). Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future. University of California Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
DieselNet. (n.d.). European emission standards for light-duty vehicles. Retrieved from. Retrieved from Diesel Net: https://dieselnet.com/standards/eu/ld.php
Europan Union. (2019). EU Actions. Retrieved from Europan Union: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/climate-strategies-targets/2050-long-term-strategy_en
European Cycling Federation. (2021). Publications. Retrieved from https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/eus-motor-vehicles-need-go-diet
European Environment Agency. (2022, Juni 1). Publications. Retrieved from Analysis and Data: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/transport-and-environment-report-2021
European Environment Agency. (2024, Maret 18). Analysis and data : Indicators. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/co2-performance-of-new-passenger#:~:text=Average%20CO2%20emissions%20from,new%20car%20fleet%20in%202022.
European Union Council. (2024, April 12). Press Releases. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/04/12/euro-7-council-adopts-new-rules-on-emission-limits-for-cars-vans-and-trucks/
Fabienne, B. (2011). Politikformulierung und Interessenvermittlung am Beispiel der Festlegung von CO 2 -Emissionsgrenzwerten für neue Pkw in der Europäischen Union. Aachen. Retrieved from http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/82678/files/3866.pdf.
Green Vehicle Guide. (2022, September). Vehicle emissions. Retrieved from Green Vehicle Guide: https://www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au/pages/UnderstandingEmissions/VehicleEmissions#:~:text=carbon%20monoxide%20(CO)%2C,volatile%20organic%20compounds%20(VOC).
Haas, T., & Sander, H. (2020). Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal. Sustainability.
Hooftman, N. (2021). A review of the European passenger car regulations–Real driving emissions vs local air quality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 1-21.
Ibham Veza, r. a. (2023). Electric vehicle (EV) and driving towards sustainability: Comparison between EV, HEV, PHEV, and ICE vehicles to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 from EV. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 459 - 467.
Johnson, C. L. (2014). Mixed Methods Research: A New Approach. International Journal of Nursing Education, 266.
Kádárová, L. L. (2021). Analysis of internal combustion engine vehicle, battery electric vehicle and emissions from transport. Transport Logistic, 21 - 33.
Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long‐range ecology movement. A summary. In A. Naess, The shallow and the deep, long‐range ecology movement. A summary. (pp. Inquiry, 16(1–4), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201747308601682).
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive. ILO.
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive industry. ILO Research Department Working Paper.
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive industry. Research Department Working Paper No. 44.
Pardi, T. (2022). Heavier, Faster and Less Affordable Cars: The Consequence of EU Regulations For Car Emissions. ETUI Research Paper Report.
Sander, T. H. (2020). Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal. Sustainability.
T&E. (2023, November 6). Publications. Retrieved from T&E: https://www.transportenvironment.org/articles/carmakers-are-hiking-the-price-of-small-affordable-cars-above-inflation/
T&E. (2024, April 29). Publications. Retrieved from https://www.transportenvironment.org/articles/carmakers-thinking-of-pivoting-back-to-plug-in-hybrids-should-think-again
Tzamkiozis, T., Ntziachristios, L., & Samaras, Z. (2010). Diesel passenger car PM emissions: From Euro 1 to Euro 4 with particle filter. Atmospheric Enviroment, 909 - 916.
Volkswagen AG. (2023). Strategy. Retrieved from volkswagen-group.com: https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/strategy-15955
Woolsgrove, C. (2023, Juni 20). Road safety. Retrieved from European Cyclist Federation: https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/eus-motor-vehicles-need-go-diet
Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasab Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Zsófia, P. (2022, November 14). Transport. Retrieved from Trans.Info: https://trans.info/en/hardly-possible-to-implement-euro-7-for-hgvs-312903
Annur, C. M. (2023, 08 29). databoks. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/09/28/indonesia-masuk-daftar-negara-penghasil-emisi-gas-rumah-kaca-terbesar-dunia-2022#:~:text=Menurut%20Basis%20Data%20Emisi%20untuk,(Gt%20CO2e)%20pada%202022.
AutoData.Net. (2015). Car Specification . Retrieved from AutoData.Net: https://www.auto-data.net/en/bmw-3-series-sedan-f30-lci-facelift-2015-330e-252hp-plug-in-hybrid-steptronic-41417
Bron, T. (2010). Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future. University of California Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
DieselNet. (n.d.). European emission standards for light-duty vehicles. Retrieved from. Retrieved from Diesel Net: https://dieselnet.com/standards/eu/ld.php
Europan Union. (2019). EU Actions. Retrieved from Europan Union: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/climate-strategies-targets/2050-long-term-strategy_en
European Cycling Federation. (2021). Publications. Retrieved from https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/eus-motor-vehicles-need-go-diet
European Environment Agency. (2022, Juni 1). Publications. Retrieved from Analysis and Data: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/transport-and-environment-report-2021
European Environment Agency. (2024, Maret 18). Analysis and data : Indicators. Retrieved from European Environment Agency: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/co2-performance-of-new-passenger#:~:text=Average%20CO2%20emissions%20from,new%20car%20fleet%20in%202022.
European Union Council. (2024, April 12). Press Releases. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/04/12/euro-7-council-adopts-new-rules-on-emission-limits-for-cars-vans-and-trucks/
Fabienne, B. (2011). Politikformulierung und Interessenvermittlung am Beispiel der Festlegung von CO 2 -Emissionsgrenzwerten für neue Pkw in der Europäischen Union. Aachen. Retrieved from http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/82678/files/3866.pdf.
Green Vehicle Guide. (2022, September). Vehicle emissions. Retrieved from Green Vehicle Guide: https://www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au/pages/UnderstandingEmissions/VehicleEmissions#:~:text=carbon%20monoxide%20(CO)%2C,volatile%20organic%20compounds%20(VOC).
Haas, T., & Sander, H. (2020). Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal. Sustainability.
Hooftman, N. (2021). A review of the European passenger car regulations–Real driving emissions vs local air quality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 1-21.
Ibham Veza, r. a. (2023). Electric vehicle (EV) and driving towards sustainability: Comparison between EV, HEV, PHEV, and ICE vehicles to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 from EV. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 459 - 467.
Johnson, C. L. (2014). Mixed Methods Research: A New Approach. International Journal of Nursing Education, 266.
Kádárová, L. L. (2021). Analysis of internal combustion engine vehicle, battery electric vehicle and emissions from transport. Transport Logistic, 21 - 33.
Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long‐range ecology movement. A summary. In A. Naess, The shallow and the deep, long‐range ecology movement. A summary. (pp. Inquiry, 16(1–4), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201747308601682).
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive. ILO.
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive industry. ILO Research Department Working Paper.
Pardi, T. (2019). The role of multinational company strategies in structuring global supply chains in the automotive industry. Research Department Working Paper No. 44.
Pardi, T. (2022). Heavier, Faster and Less Affordable Cars: The Consequence of EU Regulations For Car Emissions. ETUI Research Paper Report.
Sander, T. H. (2020). Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal. Sustainability.
T&E. (2023, November 6). Publications. Retrieved from T&E: https://www.transportenvironment.org/articles/carmakers-are-hiking-the-price-of-small-affordable-cars-above-inflation/
T&E. (2024, April 29). Publications. Retrieved from https://www.transportenvironment.org/articles/carmakers-thinking-of-pivoting-back-to-plug-in-hybrids-should-think-again
Tzamkiozis, T., Ntziachristios, L., & Samaras, Z. (2010). Diesel passenger car PM emissions: From Euro 1 to Euro 4 with particle filter. Atmospheric Enviroment, 909 - 916.
Volkswagen AG. (2023). Strategy. Retrieved from volkswagen-group.com: https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/strategy-15955
Woolsgrove, C. (2023, Juni 20). Road safety. Retrieved from European Cyclist Federation: https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/eus-motor-vehicles-need-go-diet
Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasab Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Zsófia, P. (2022, November 14). Transport. Retrieved from Trans.Info: https://trans.info/en/hardly-possible-to-implement-euro-7-for-hgvs-312903
Published
2024-11-30
How to Cite
Kautsar, F. R. (2024). THE EUROPEAN UNION’S EURO 1 TO EURO 6 PROGRAMME. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 5(4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v5i4.256
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Fawwas Ranu Kautsar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
