THE RESURGENCE OF RITUAL KILLINGS AND BODY PARTS TRADE IN NIGERIA: DRIVERS AND PATTERNS

Abstract

The rise of ritual killings and the illegal trade in human body parts in Nigeria has emerged as a major socio-criminal issue, fueled by economic desperation, cultural beliefs, and governmental failings. This study investigates the underlying causes, trends, and potential interventions to combat this concerning trend. Using a qualitative research technique, the study examines secondary data from academic publications, media stories, and organizational records to uncover recurring themes and sociocultural elements that support these behaviors. The theoretical foundation is based on Merton's Strain Theory, which explains how societal pressures and restricted access to legitimate possibilities lead individuals to participate in deviant actions, such as ritual killings, in order to attain financial success. The findings show a troubling surge in ritualistic crimes, with over 150 occurrences documented between mid-2024 and early 2025, primarily targeting vulnerable populations such as women, children, and the homeless. Poverty, unemployment, superstitious ideas promoted by the media and traditional healers, and ineffective law enforcement are all major contributors. The study also emphasizes the importance of organized syndicates and seasonal increases in crime around elections or economic downturns. Recommendations include increasing law enforcement training and money, promoting countrywide job efforts, conducting public awareness campaigns to dispel stereotypes, and involving traditional and religious leaders to promote cultural change. Addressing these challenges demands a diverse strategy in order to break the cycle of violence and restore public trust.