MUHAMMADIYAH’S POTENTIAL ROLE AS A NON-STATE ACTOR IN ADVANCING INDONESIA’S NET ZERO EMISSION 2060 AGENDA

Abstract

Climate change has necessitated multi-stakeholder collaboration, where non-state actors play increasingly important roles. Indonesia is committed to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060, an ambitious target requiring participation from all stakeholders, including faith-based organizations. This research analyzes Muhammadiyah's potential as a non-state actor in supporting Indonesia's NZE 2060 agenda through the lens of green diplomacy. The study employs a qualitative approach with library research methods, analyzing policy documents, academic literature, and Muhammadiyah's official publications. This research argues that Indonesia’s Net Zero Emission 2060 agenda cannot be optimally achieved without Muhammadiyah’s involvement, as its strategic roles in social mobilization, political advocacy, education and innovation, and ethical–theological leadership directly correspond to the core indicators of effective green diplomacy.  In the ASEAN regional context, Muhammadiyah potentially bridges state diplomacy with civil society, strengthening Indonesia's position in regional environmental cooperation. The study concludes that optimizing Muhammadiyah's role requires systematic synergy with the government, institutional capacity building, and more structured integration into Indonesia's green diplomacy strategy. This research recommends establishing formal partnership mechanisms between the government and Muhammadiyah, along with enhanced participation of religious organizations in national and regional green policy formulation.